Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy Essay Example

Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy Paper Discuss the role of financial markets in a modern market economy. Explain the role and function of the share market and its effect on the economy. The financial market is the most influential sector in a modern market economy. The financial markets provide products to consumers and financial intermediaries allow for the mobilization of money between savers and borrowers. The share market is the financial market in which investors buy and sells shares. The share market’s main function in the economy is to allow consumers to attain part-ownership of a company and further their wealth and in effect provide funds for businesses for expansion. The main effects the share market has on the economy is its ability to reallocate resources and mirror overall economic growth. The financial services industry is one of the largest industries in Australia and its actions influence all other sectors due to its vital role in the economy. Financial markets are so significant as they create products for consumers also serve to provide a return for the producers. In essence, this allows for those who have excess funds to make these funds available to those who need additional money. Furthermore, the most influential institution in the financial sector are financial intermediaries who are those organizations that allow for the mobilization of money. These firms create a bridge between borrowers and savers in that they receive accumulated funds from individuals or firms and then allow for other firms and individuals to borrow and make use of that money. Financial markets are also the factor markets for capital in the market economy because capital must be acquired by businesses to produce goods and services. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Financial Markets in a Modern Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The economy’s productive capacity heavily impacts the ability of the economy to grow in the long term and thus capital investment is vital for the modern market economy. Financial markets provide an efficient process by which income that is not used for consumption can still contribute to aggregate demand. Savings from consumers, businesses and governments can be used for future consumption but also capital investment, which consequently increases the productive capacity of the economy. The share market is the financial market in which investors buy and sells shares, which are financial assets that give a person part-ownership of a company. The share market plays an important role in the Australian economy because businesses can sell shares in their companies to raise funds needed for growth and to provide individuals with dividends, which contributes to their disposable income. The role and functioning of the share market in the larger modern market can be seen from the perspective of the shareholders and the companies. For investors, the share market provides the opportunity for consumers to become part-owners of a business and thus are entitled to returns due to the risk they assume by investing in the business, these profits are known as dividends. As the company grows the value of the company increases and thus its share price will consequently increase. In such a situation, shareholders may decide to sell their shares to make a profit which is known as capital gains as they are selling assets at a price above the level originally paid for. However, the risks of being a shareholder are high as the company may lose money and thus dividends are reduced and the investor will not be able to make capital gains. There is an extremely high level of share ownership by the Australian public which increases the share markets role in the market economy. Currently, many people rely on the profits made from shares as their income and more significantly for their retirement. On the other hand, for a company the share market provides the opportunity for the business to increase its funds to keep as retained profit or allow for the expansion of the business. When a company first lists its business on the ASX it is called a float. Once the company has been listed it can access further equity funds at any time by issuing an approved prospectus for the release of new shares. However, issuing new shares reduces the control existing shareholders have over the company as they own a smaller proportion. The sale of new share is a primary financial market transaction whilst an existing shareholder selling their shares is a secondary financial market transaction. By allowing both types of share trades the ASX is in effect both a primary and secondary financial market. Changes in the share market have large impact on the operations of a company. A company’s share price is determined by the price mechanism and thus if demand is low the company’s value will decrease however if demand is high, the company’s value will increase and thus provide benefits to the company itself and its shareholders. When individual businesses prosper it provides greater ability for the Australian economy to grow as it is heavily reliant on the growth of individual businesses to facilitate overall economic growth. The share market has extensive effects on the economy and it is an indicator of a country’s economic conditions. Rising share prices suggest that the economy is experiencing favourable economic conditions as market prices rise in accordance to better economic prospects for companies. The relationship between general economic conditions and share values can be seen in the following graph which shows that fluctuations in the share market mirror changes in economic growth A downturn or upturn in the share market can be measured in the All Ordinaries Index, which measures the overall value of companies listed on the ASX. By comparing the AOI with changes in the economy’s growth rate we see that the share market generally rises and falls similarly to economic growth. However, the share market is much less stable and thus small changes in economic growth consequent in much larger changes in share values. The share market also affects the market through its ability to reallocate resources to different sectors in the economy. Those companies and sectors with the best growth prospects will be able to acquire additional funds most effectively and thus will raise the most funds when floated. In such a way share prices will be higher for firms in industries that shareholders expect will experience growth and thus the share market will raise the medium-term growth prospects of an economy. However, the main issue with using the share market as a guide to the state of the economy is that not all share purchases are based on a rational belief by the shareholder that the industry’s future prospects are solid. Many purchases are speculative, which means that shares are bought with intention of being resold within a short period. These investors are not buying with the intention of long-term capital gain, rather, short-term. The major problem with this sort of investment is that speculators base their investment on the ‘hype’ of the market, rather than the real profitability of the firm. This has the potential to see share prices that are overvalued, drawing further investment and leading to the misallocation of resources.

Argumentative History Essay Topics

Argumentative History Essay TopicsArgumentative history essay topics are available for both students in the junior and senior years. Writing an argumentative history essay can be a challenging and exhilarating experience for students, but it can also be educational and enlightening. It helps students understand the historical period in which they are studying and to understand why the period is significant or special.These argumentative history essay topics are usually very long, and a good strategy is to consider many different ones before settling on one. The student will want to write a history essay, but they may also need to write several other essays as well. Writing an argumentative history essay will help the student better understand the topic and will aid them in writing their own argumentative essay.There are two types of argumentative history essay topics. The first is simply summarizing the particular period that the student is studying. For example, if the student is st udying the history of slavery, he or she might want to write about how enslaved African-Americans took up the American dream.The second type of argumentative essay topic would be to argue one particular point from a variety of different perspectives. For example, a student may want to write about why slavery was the major cause of the Civil War. They could also write an essay that argues why slavery was wrong. The student would need to choose their writing topic and the thesis statement carefully.After writing the thesis statement, the student will need to create their arguments. They should choose their references carefully. Many sources on both sides of the argument are available online. Students should be careful not to plagiarize or misrepresent the sources.The essay may last anywhere from fifteen minutes to an hour, and the student will need to practice writing their argumentative history essay topics throughout the process. They may need to practice by giving their arguments t o an editor before submitting their essay. This will give them time to think about their choices and choose their arguments before actually completing the project.An argumentative history essay is an essential part of a student's history paper. These topics allow students to study the world and draw from different historical perspectives.

Write How You Write, Not How You Speak

Write How You Write, Not How You Speak Write How You Write, Not How You Speak Write How You Write, Not How You Speak By Mark Nichol Recently, I wrote about word patronage, the often-unnecessary inclusion of self-referential expressions as â€Å"as you will† and â€Å"so to speak† in one’s writing. This post expands on that one to recommend that you inspect your writing for anything that smacks of spoken English. If you’ve ever seen a transcript of an extended discourse a written record of someone’s comments, rather than the prepared script for a speech you’ll understand how widely spoken and written English can diverge. Spontaneous speech, at least, is riddled with qualifications and equivocations. It’s easy enough to dispose of â€Å"um†s and â€Å"uh†s, â€Å"well†s and â€Å"you know†s when converting a transcript to an essay, but writers should purge their prose of other utterances, words, and phrases as well that add a lot to a word count but little to a description or an argument. (See this post, for instance, for a list of adjectival intensifiers and their adverbial forms to avoid.) In addition, omit hedging phrases such as â€Å"as I see it,† â€Å"from my point of view,† â€Å"in my opinion,† and â€Å"it seems to me.† Search and destroy such pompous filler as â€Å"be that as it may† or â€Å"other things being equal.† These are all understandable (though not necessarily forgivable) indulgences in spoken English, whether impromptu or rehearsed at best, they’re nearly meaningless phrases one tosses off while thinking of what to say next, and at worst, they clutter a speech, distracting and discouraging listeners. But readers expect your prose to be direct and dynamic, and there’s no place for such self-gratification in written form. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good WithLatin Plural EndingsOppose and Opposed To

Cyberstalking and Internet Harassment - Then and Now

Cyberstalking and Internet Harassment - Then and Now The first federal prosecution of cyber harassment in the United State was in June 2004 when 38-year-old James Robert Murphy from Columbia, South Carolina, pleaded guilty to two counts of Use of a Telecommunications Device (the internet) with Intent to Annoy, Abuse, Threaten or Harass. According to investigators, Murphy was sending anonymous and uninvited emails to Seattle resident Joelle Ligon and to her co-workers as early as 1998. Murphy and Ligon  had dated on and off from 1984-1990. As time went on, the harassment increased and along with dozens of obscene emails each day, Murphy also began sending sexually  explicit faxes to Ligon and her co-workers. Cant Get Away When Ligon moved to different states and changed jobs, Murphy was able to track her through malware he had placed on her computers and continue his attack. For over four years Ligon tried to ignore the messages by deleting them, but Murphy began making it appear that Ligon was the one sending the sexually explicit materials to her fellow workers. Murphy also had special email programs in order to hide his identity and he created the Anti Joelle Fan Club (AJFC) and repeatedly sent threatening emails from this  alleged group. Ligon decided to start collecting the materials as evidence and went to the police who enlisted the help of the Northwest Cyber Crime Task Force, composed of the FBI, United States Secret Service, Internal Revenue Service, Seattle Police Department, and Washington State Patrol. The NWCCTF investigates Cyber-related violations including criminal computer intrusions, intellectual property theft, child pornography and internet fraud. She also managed to identify Murphy as the person harassing her and she obtained a court order barring contact. When Murphy emailed her, denying that he was harassing  her, he violated the court order. Murphy was indicted in April 2004 on 26 counts of sending harassing emails and other violations between May 2002 and April 2003. At first, Murphy pleaded innocent to all charges, but two months later and after a plea agreement was reached, he pleaded guilty to two of the violations. No Remorse From Murphy In court, Murphy told the Judge what he did was stupid, hurtful and just plain wrong. I was going through a bad patch in my life. I want to take my lumps and get on with life. In sentencing Murphy Judge Zilly noted that he was surprised that Murphy made no effort to indicate your remorse to the victim, to indicate you were sorry. The Judge noted that he had received a letter from Joelle Ligon unlike any he had ever received from a crime victim. In it Ligon asked the Judge to impose an effective and compassionate sentence. Judge Zilly decided to impose 500 hours of community service instead of the 160 hours requested by the government. Zilly also sentenced Murphy to five years of probation and more than $12,000 which was to paid to the City of Seattle to compensate the City for 160 hours of work time lost by employees dealing with the harassment. The Crime of Cyberstalking Continues to Grow It used to be that news reports such as Murphys case were an oddity, but with the increase of people managing several aspects of their lives online, both at work and in their personal lives, it has created a vulnerability that attracts criminals including cyberstalkers, webcam blackmailers and identity thieves. According to a poll released by Rad Campaign, Lincoln Park Strategies and Craig Newmark of craigconnects, a quarter of the American population has been bullied, harassed or threatened online and that number almost doubles for those under the age of 35. A third of the victims of online harassment are afraid that the situation may spill over into their real lives resulting in embarrassment and humiliation, loss of jobs, and many are scared for their lives. Reporting Online Harassment and Cyberstalking Many victims of cyberstalking do like Joelle Ligon did when Murphy first harass her, she ignored it, but as the threats grew she sought help. Today, it appears that the response by social networks and law enforcement is improving, with 61 percent of the reported cases resulting in the social networks shutting down the accounts of the offenders and 44 percent of reported cases to law enforcement resulted in an effort to track down the offender. If You Are Threatened Threats should never be ignored - report it. Keeping a record of the date and time of the threat, a screen shot, and hard copies is evidence. It not only can help authorities, social networks, ISPs and website host figure out the identity of the offender, but it also helps prove the level of the harassment which is the deciding factor on if, or if not, a complaint gets investigated.

Health Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Law - Essay Example These errors usually occur due to the fact that nothing was done to prevent their occurrences or there was an omission or mere negligence. Nonetheless, these medical malpractices are usually punishable by medical malpractice laws. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing the application of these laws including how and where they have been applied. Finally, the essay will analyze the challenges that hinder effective application of the medical malpractice laws. The main intent of the application of the medical malpractice laws is to ensure that the patient in question is compensated following the ordeals of the medical practices. However, it is worth noting these laws and their applications usually differ significantly. Different countries and states usually apply these laws differently. Therefore, it worth for the medical practitioners to understand the kinds of laws they are liable to in cases they commit atrocities to their patients. Nonetheless, it should also be noted that doctors and or hospitals as well as health care professional are usually never liable to all harms that a patient may suffer while undertaking medical treatment. The only cases when the hospitals and medical practitioners are liable to malpractice laws are when the healthcare provided to a patient is substance. Therefore, these laws tend to determine the competence of doctors and practices they might have not taken not to harm the patient. Medical malpractices are usually expensive to the medical professions and medical institutions. Additionally, most of the time medical malpractices lead to time wastage especially during legal battle between the patient and the medical practitioner or the institution (Johnson, Sloan, and Kimbrough, 2009). The malpractices are expensive in the sense that whenever a patient win such cases, the medical institutions are often required to compensate the customer dearly of all the damaged as determine and spelled by the court. Add2itionally, the malpractices ar e expensive on all the involved parties since it will involvement of medical laws to help in determining or defending the involved accusations. On the other hand, the medical malpractices are time consuming particularly on the medical practitioners’ time since they the law requires them to be present at the court to answer to the accusation of the patient. Other than laws of determining the malpractices within the health care systems, there are malpractices reforms laws that have been proposed by the policy makers to reduce occurrences of malpractices within the medical institution. The implementation or the need of implementation of these reforms has increased in the insurance rates. This is because the policy implementer will be sourced outside the medical sectors and they need to be budgeted for. Therefore, it would be appropriate for the medical practitioners to provide their patients with required quality Medicare among other health care management requirements. It shoul d be noted that despite the positive intension of the proper and accurate of medical services and management to the patients, the availability and applications as well as the adjustment of medical malpractices laws and reforms have since attracted mixed reactions among nearly all the medical stakeholders. Some medical stakeholders think that application of the malpractice laws and

Toshiba Overview and Global Presence Research Paper

Toshiba Overview and Global Presence - Research Paper Example Toshiba Overview and Global Presence This gives the company a global feel and as a result a competitive edge for its products. Toshiba is also listed in the stock exchange markets in London. The number of shareholders is approximately 457,467 holding a total of 423,760,000 shares (â€Å"Toshiba†). With an asset base of 69,893 million US dollars the company is led by Norio Sasaki together with the other company’s executives and together they have steered the company to success. With the wide range of products and outlets the company has established itself as one of the leading companies in the electronic business providing a wide variety of products. The global presence is an advantage that the competitors have been unable to penetrate successfully. A. Marketing Mix a) Product The company’s products and services are classified under three categories: computers and accessories, home appliances and consumer electronics. The company has a wide variety of innovative laptops, televisions, projectors, lapt op accessories and external hard drives. Business products include copiers, printers, scanners, semi-conductors, hard disk drives, surveillance equipment among others. Industrial products include automation systems, UPS, power systems, LED Display systems and industrial video products. Looking at the wide variety of products each targets a different niche of customers. The products are displayed in variety of showrooms in the various branches. The array of products is geared towards establishment and maintenance of a competitive edge against the competitors. ... The company comes up with new products that provide a wide range of solutions to businesses, industries and individuals as well. The company takes advantage of internet connectivity to conduct E-Commerce where they have come up with their own website. The website has comprehensive details about the company ranging from its products, sales, and policies in short anything you would want to know about a company. i. Cultural Factors Toshiba prides itself in having a strong safety and corporate culture which has been adhered to throughout the business operations. The company provides a plat form of sharing important information and the employees are aware of acceptable code of behavior. The company adopts the culture of employing people who are knowledgeable on current information about technical issues (Whittaker 15). In addition these people are also aware of the environmental issues which enable the company develop safe products. Their culture is flexible to suit the ever changing mark et conditions, with safety attitude being the most important. When taking risks the company’s employees are advised to follow strict guidelines when making risk decisions that affect products safety (Cutts 35). The success of the company has been largely attributed to safety decisions and products. ii. Customization vs. Standardization The choice of customization or standardization depends largely on the product. Toshiba has adopted a method where the customer specifies the features they want in a laptop. The customer will log into their website and choose want they want from wide variety of choices which include internal memory, size of the screen, and speed of the processor at an affordable price. They have also developed a list of

Commedia dell’ Arte Essay -- essays research papers fc

The first question is why use "commedia dell' arte" as a training tool for modern actors at all, since drama and the business of acting has hopefully moved on since the Italian Comedians finally left Paris. The fact remains, however, that the dominant form of acting today that both exists as the aspiring young actor's performance role model and as a category of performance in itself is T.V. naturalism. We are lucky in that something both inspirational and technical has survived from those heady times. When contemporary acting technique does not provide all the answers that actors may be looking for, it is not surprising that they look towards the past for inspiration. It is in this grey area between researching historical certainties and reconstructing guessed at acting technique that we must look. These Martinellis and Andreinis were the superstars of their day and the question that most often gets asked is "how did they do it?"(Oliver Crick). The fact that some of these performers were verging on genius is without dispute. This fact alone does not help us at all in training a contemporary performer. What can help us, though, is the wide variety of theories concerning the acting techniques, styles and training of these late entertainers. In a sense it is irrelevant where these theories come from and even how historically correct they are. As an actor (and a trainer of actors) one has a duty to choose what will work for an audience and to ignore the rest. The current historical theory as to how Isabella Andreini performed a particular "lazzi" might come from an impeccable source, but if a contemporary audience is unappreciative, then dump it quick, and on with something will work. There may be a case for re-creating "commedia dell'arte" as it was done, but does this really help the modern actor? Even in the more old-fashioned drama school period movement is meant to help an actor interpret a historical role, and is not mean't as an end in itself (David Claudon). One solution is to approach an actor at the beginning of their training, and see where knowledge of "commedia dell'arte" and its performance can expand a performer's range. The contemporary young actor's most familiar performance role model is that of televisi... ...terisation (Claudon). It may not be the whole answer, but it certainly plugs a few gaps that naturalism leaves open. "Commedia dell'arte" is also beneficial in any study of acting because it utilises a theatrical grammar, as well as a very intimate relationship with the audience (Crick). Now we can only wait until The Globe reopens to experiment with these theories in a purpose-built theatre. Works Cited Claudon, David. A Thumbnail History of Commedia Dell’Arte. 15 Oct. 2003 . Crick, Oliver. â€Å"The Uses of Commedia Dell'Arte in Training the Modern Actor.† Austin Commedia Society. 27 Nov. 2003 . Gordon, Mel. â€Å"Lazzi: the Comic Routines of the Commedia Dell’Arte.† New York; Performing Arts Journal Publications, c1983 (1992 printing). Lea, Kathleen M. â€Å"Italian Popular Comedy; a Study in the Commedia Dell’Arte, 1560- 1620, with special reference to the English stage.† New York: Russell & Russell, 1962. Rudlin, John. â€Å"Commedia Dell’Arte: an Actor’s Handbook.† London; New York: Routledge, 1994.