Trademark laws in the United Arab Emirates Research Paper

Trademark laws in the United Arab Emirates - Research Paper Example The symbol trademark of this company that indentifies its products is swoosh, which is a trademark that ranks as one of the best, among the most recognized and popular logo in the world. The symbol of trademark was designed in 1972, after the owner of the company, which was then known as the Blue Ribbon Sports, required a symbol that would effectively indentify his products, and thus serve to allow him more of inventory control. Thus, the symbol was designed to represent one of the wings of the Greek goddess of victory, called the Nike. This goddess served as a great inspiration to the ancient Greek warriors, granting them courage and strength to gain victory in the battles (Coleman, 19). Thus, this symbol was designed to represent the products of this company, signifying winning, achievement, as well as excellence (Smith, 6). This did tally very well with the image that the ancient Greek Goddess Nike was associated with; commonly having the then Greek warriors, believe and attest to the fact that when they went to a war and won, then they said it is Nike. Thus, swoosh, previously referred, as the stripe became a symbol of victory, which is evident of the company’s brand worldwide. The owner desired a symbol that would show an element of movement, which is represented by swoosh, a symbol of progressive growth and achievement (Coleman, 22). The symbol was registered in 1995 as the trademark for the Nike Inc., and, is solely responsible for the successful brand identification and success. The rules governing Nike and its use of swoosh trademark applies inform of regulations, that restricts any use of its trade name or the logo for any commercial purpose, other than for placing an order or purchase of the Nike products. Under the copyright regulation rules of this company, anybody is prohibited from modifying, copying, or reproducing the company’s trade name or logo to represent any other product that is not a brand of this company (Smith, 7). Anothe r of the regulation guiding the company’s use of the logo and its trade name is the fact that the company has issued a warning that any order placed with the company can be cancelled at any point. This can happen even after the order has been confirmed, should such an order placement be deemed inappropriate or as an attempt to tamper with the trademark rights of the company (Coleman, 25). An indemnification is issuable to the buyer whose order has been cancelled. The trademark laws in the UAE do not just protect the logo or the trade name. They are attached to the product or services the trademark represents (Ashour, 10). Some example of trademark laws include such laws as prohibits any mark that violates public morals. Symbols of a pure religious nature are also prohibited from being applied as trademarks (Smith, 8). Such laws are relevant and appropriate to preserve the morals of the society, while avoiding confusion with marks of religious entities. However, the restrictio n on the registration of a translation of a previous trademark should be removed, to allow for the improvements of logos and trademarks by commercial entities. Any infringement of the rights of the com

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

The Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay In modern financial economics, one of the most essential constructions , which plays a significant role in financing strategy, is efficient market hypothesis (henceforth EMH). Despite the fact that its first theoretical formulation, which was founded by Paul Samuelson in 1960s, is almost five decades old, numerous academic studies have been conducted about it (Alajbeg, Bubas Sonje, 2012). According to Alajbeg et al. (2012), in the middle of 1960s market efficiency was defined by Samuelson as the existence of a complete competition in a market, albeit under an assumption that all participants have equally the same opportunity to access the available information. Furthermore, Fama (1965) cited in Alajbeg et al. (2012) attempts to show the EMH empirically. This essay will try to critically debate all the forms of efficiency and give sensible evidence why most of the forms seem to be illogical in the current economic situations. It will start by introducing how to recognise efficiency and what are the forms of the EMH, following by testing each form in today’s economic circumstances with presenting coherent arguments. Damodaran (2001) points out that market efficiency is distinguished by three different measurements. First is considering the amount and the distance of diverting price from real value in the market. The second measure is by looking at the pace and the quantity of adapting prices to new information which come to the market. Finally, it is measured by determining the possibility of usual gaining higher profits by some investors in the market while they may expose the same rate of risk that other investors reveal. Generally, economists have divided the EMH into three main forms based on the type of the information reflected in security prices. The first type of the EMH is weak form. In this form of efficiency, the only information depending on is the past prices information. However, any other available stock information seems to be invaluable in these markets. As Hillier, Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe Jordan (2010) state no information, apart from the historical prices, is relied on by the investors in the weak form efficiency. In the light of this, a capital market is considered to be w eakly efficient when it contains price information about the past share prices. Hillier et al. (2010) also confirm that predating strategy is unlikely to be able to produce returns in the market operations. Put another way, information for future is not predicted in this form of efficiency. This seems to be a possible reason why these markets are called weak efficiency. The second type of the market efficiency is semi-strong form. According to Ross, Westerfield Jordan (1993), the semi-strong efficiency is the most controversial form among all the three forms. From this perspective, Ross et al. (1993) mention the reason why this form in the markets is more controversial than the other forms is that it warns an expert, who analysis financial information in order to find mis-priced stock, to not waste time in analysing some possibly useless information, for instance, financial statement information because this information is already included in the current stock prices. Brealey, Myers Allen (2011) maintain that in these markets, prices rapidly incorporate whole publicly available information, such as last quarters earning declaration, a proposal of unifying other companies and an unfamiliar matter of stock. In the light of this finding, it can be said that the semi-stro ng market efficiency rely on both historical and public information at the same time (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). Strong form efficiency is the final form of efficiency. Ross et al. (1993) emphasise all types of information, either public or private, are more likely to be incorporated in the stock market prices when the market is efficiently strong. Additionally, in this kind of market, it is impossible to determine any incomparable investors who are able continually to vanquish the market (Brealey et al., 2011). Expressed differently, strong competition is highly considered among the investors of the strong market efficiency. Therefore, the crucial investors may not be able to keep their high position in the long-term. According to Brealey et al. (2011), since Maurice Kendall published his controversial paper in 1953 on the behavior of stock prices, a significant amount of financial research has been done to test the EMH. In the light of that background information, both supporting and disapproval evidence has extended to each of the three forms weak, semi-strong and strong. Firstly, in order to test the weak form of this hypothesis, Brealey et al. (2011) evaluate the profitability of some trading rules which is utilised by investors who seek to determine patterns in security prices. Hillier et al. (2010) claim although the share price movements are random, investors tend to notice patterns. However, the existence of patterns in the past price data, which is the main information in weak form efficiency, seems to be unreal, according to Hillier et al. (2010). As an example, Hillier et al. (2010) illustrate the participation between Shell transport and Royal Dutch Petroleum, which randomness is highly predicted instead of pattern in their stock price. Then Brealey et al. (2011:352) demonstrate ‘‘since both companies participated in the same underlying cash flows in 2005, it would be expected the stock prices to have moved in exact lockstep, while the real price of the tow shares sometimes diverged substantially’’. Therefore, Hillier et al. (2010) confirm that the security choices based on patterns of historical price changes would not be as acceptable as random choice. As a consequence of this evidence, it can be assumed that the weak form efficiency seems to be a meaningful form in the new economic environment. Secondly, in examining the semi-strong efficiency, the speed of reacting security prices towards announcements is measured (Brealey et al., 2011). According to this form of efficiency, previous price information would not have any influence on present actual return because this form implies that in an efficient market, historical information has merely reflected in the current prices (Hillier et al., 2010). Whereas, in many empirical cases past information impacts on stock prices. For example, Hillier et al. (2010) highlight the global credit crisis of 2008 which firstly started only from the British bank Northern Rock. Then it slowly continued and cover some other banks, such as, Bear Stearn, the US investment bank, HBOS and Lehmann Brothers. Hillier et al. (2010) also state that it had not stopped unless the short selling would have been temporarily avoided by the US and UK governments. From the light of this empirical circumstance, the semi-strong efficiency is probably no longer a sensible form in todays economy because the standard test requirement, which economists follow , may not be reflected in it. Finally, In terms of testing the strong form efficiency, Brealey et al. (2008) point out that the performance of the managers in the markets is depended on. Hillier et al. (2010) imply that it is more likely to profit from a personal information which the other investors do not have in the market, whilst in the strong efficient market it is unlikely to be profited from this information by their owners. Further to this, Brealey et al. (2011) claims that it is probably more common that a particular manager in a market, who is more clever than the others, could make superior profits. This seems to be an appropriate evidence against the EMH in the case of strong form. Similarly, Damondaran (2001) points out that some investors can earn more profit than the others whilst they have the same chance of risk. Brealey et al. (2011) take a large sample of the US companies in order to test the proportion of annual profits among them from 1926 to 2008. Brealey et al. (2011:349) prove ‘‘since 1926 the stock of the firms with the lowest market capitalizations have performed substantially better than those with the highest capitalizations’’. In the same way, Alajbeg et al. (2012) criticise the EMH because of the effectiveness of some anomalies in the market, for example, January effect, weekend effect and momentum effect. As a result of the aforementioned arguments, it can be argued that the strong market efficiency does not make sense in the current economic situations because of the possibility of out-performance in the market. In addition, the EMH has faced many criticisms. For example, Brealey et al. (2011) mention a stock market bubble in property prices in the US. In a way, the price has almost doubled by 2005. Nevertheless, the EMH considers that prices always equal to the values inside the efficient markets (Brealey et al., 2011). This can also be noticed as an evidence against the EMH. In conclusion, the participants mostly try to exploit each single discovered mis-pricing in the stock market. This competition results in market efficiency (Brealey et al., 2008). There are three forms of efficiency: weak, semi-strong and strong. The weak form efficiency seems to be significant in todays economy because it considers that prices are random and that is proved in the empirical situations. However, the strong form is generally considered to be meaningless because of the out-performance which can be executed by some investors. Similarly, the semi-strong form may be seen as an insensible form of the EMH in the current economy. This form is unlikely to provide the common test demands when it tests to find how rapidly prices respond to the new information. Furthermore, there are many debates about the EMH in empirical situations because of occurring some bubbles and crisis. Apparently, there are considerable arguments about market efficiency along the history of the capital market. Nonetheless, financial market efficiency is constantly under debate. In other words, it is still a challenging issue in the current financial economics (Alajbeg et al., 2012). References: * Alejbeg, D., Bubas, Z. And Sonje, V. (2012)The efficient market hypothesis: problems with interpretations of empirical tests. Financial Theory and Practice. Available at: http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk (Accessed at 17th August 2012). * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2011) Principles of Corporate Finance (global edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Brealey, A., Myers, C. And Allen, F. (2008) Principles of Corporate Finance (nine edition). New York. Mcraw Hill/Irwin. * Damodaran, A. (2001) Corporate Finance: theory and practice. Second edition. United States. John Willey Sons, Inc. * Hillier, D., Ross, S., Westerfield, R., Jaffe, J. And Jordan, B. (2010) Corporate Finance. Mcraw-Hill. * Ross, S., Westerfield, R. And Jordan, B. (1993) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (second edition). Boston. Irwin Inc.

Role of Politics in Police Decision Making

Role of Politics in Police Decision Making Should politics play a role in police administration decision making? This question has evolved over the years. Both concepts are interrelated but separate entities and yet they overlap in purpose. The term politics can mean a range of things depending on perspective and the situation. In terms of police politics the meaning of politics depends on the particular law enforcement organization or the size of the administration. In general, the term politics refers to the processes involved in governing a country or organization. Police administration â€Å"administration activities that control, direct, and coordinate police personnel, resources and activities in the service of crime prevention, apprehension of criminals, the recovery of stolen property and the performance of a variety of regulatory and helping services† (Schmalleger 97). Police administration is the delicate management and ethical leadership of a law enforcement organization. Administration involves selection and hire of officers and support staff, policy’s, relationships with the community, stress and health management, working with fellow agencies, and dealing with the political aspects of each. Politics and policing have evolved over the past century and a half from four main eras in American Policing. The Political Era, reform Era, Community Era, and the New Era. The Political Era occurred between 1840 and 1930 and was marked by a drastic changes in social order and by law enforcement doing the bidding of politicians. The Reform Era occurred between 1930 and the 1970s was known for traditional crime fighting and the removal of politics from law enforcement and from police being the lap dogs of the political elite. The Community Era occurred between 1970s and present day and it focused on community involvement in law enforcement. Finally the New Era overlaps with the Community Era between 2001 and present day focuses on large scale threats involving terrorism and political campaigns on mass surveillance (Schmalleger 100-101). Decision making is a main component of being an elected official or police chief and understanding the politics of the community is part of making the correct decisions. This due mainly to the how the leadership of city’s are structured. Society elects congressman, mayors and other political figures to create and put in place laws and policy’s to maintain order and make sure that public money is well spent in the process. One of the purposes of the law enforcement is to make sure those laws and policy’s are followed. Harold Lasswell defined politics as who gets what, when and how (Schaefer 196). Politics involves the controlling of power and with that power comes control and influence over people and organizations. Society often debates the approach of more police or less police. The deployment of more officers into high crime areas is a common political move. There are two main divisions of police politics personal politics and community politics. Personal politics deals mainly with internal influences in the law enforcement organization such as who gets promoted and why. The second is community politics which deals directly with the external control and delegation of the department. A fundamental value of our society is that policing should be subject to and under some control of the public. (Alpert, Dunham 96). Since the management above the Police Chief is generally the Mayor and city council both are involved in making decisions. The mayor of a city or town is elected by the community. The mayor then hires an impartial, outside firm, to interview and then hire the Chief of Police when the position is vacant. Below the Chief of Police in the chain if command is a deputy chief and various captains, in charge of patrol officers. A Police Chiefs actions are directly scrutinized by the mayor. Modern policing combines the local community and police officers into community policing. The purpose is to combine resources to combat and prevent crime and increase the level of everyday life. Many of these changes are are in response to community’s greater involvement in the political arena and the louder voicing of concerns (Carter 7). The internet has played a large part in these movements largely in part due to social media. People are able to voice a concern, spread an agenda, and even display police brutality throughout the world. A witness to a crime or abuse of power that can upload a video to Youtube for the whole world to see, brings a lot of attention to issues in the past might have been kept quiet or covered up. Most non-specific crimes occur without regard to race, ethnicity, age, gender or lifestyle and because crime is one political factor that everyone can agree on, many cities will spend money for crime prevention and incarceration even with tight budgets (Carter 8). If the mayor or campaigning politician of a city says that taxes need to be raised to hire more officers, or pay for equipment, its an easier sell than saying taxes need to be raised to decorate a city, or build a new stadium. In such a situation the tax raise would gain support, even if after the fact the money is used elsewhere, often the pockets of the political elite. Society is more likely to pay attention to a car accident or shooting as opposed to a rare bird flying over head. Violent crimes stand out, and that leads to more media exposure and curiosity. This also gives politicians more speaking ammunition for various political initiatives that are supposed to modify crime rates in some fashion. Politicians use community policing as another means to relate to their constituents, because by supporting various anti crime initiatives they are able to bond with the community, whether they actually are apart of the community or not. Its simply another measure to become elected and gain power. Political campaigns often use the guise of a new approach(s) on crime to gain support by promising to provide better services to the publicincreasing the quality of life (Carter 10). This is not to say that a politicians proposal isnt valid, but certainly if the approach doesnt succeed, their support will drop, and all that will be achieved is a politicians appointment, and subsequent battle for reelection against someone with similar promises. The police administration cant just make decisions that they feel are best without the taking into account the political views of the community. When or if they do they are either overridden by powers higher up, or state attorneys refuse to prosecute or simply override their decisions. Since political views and police administration are directly intertwined one will have an affect on the other. If a police administration failed to act or respond to a crime or issue under their purview, there would be a backlash from the community. Without political support, law enforcement decisions would fall flat. Decision making in police organizations is a tedious, often politically motivated and a very complicated process. The reasoning behind decisions must be sound and rational and free of bias. Whenever a decision in law enforcement administration is made, the chief or top level management has to be aware of different points of view, if the choice being made intuition or emotional feelings, w hat the ramifications will be, what will be accomplished. (Morreale 2) One of the most politically polarizing issues in recent years, and best examples of politics and police administration clashing, has been the New York Citys Stop and Frisk policy. The stop and frisk policy involves randomly detaining individuals, the majority of which are of non-Caucasian ethnic descent, on the street while police search them for contraband such as drugs and weapons. The NYC police department engages in the stop and frisk tactics without any legal motivation, such as genuine suspicion of committing a crime, but that is part of the problem (Peltz). The law allows police to engage in these tactics simply by believing someone has or will commit a crime, but that doesnt meet probable cause standards and â€Å"88 percent of the stops resulted in neither arrests nor tickets† (Peltz). Even if the political reason behind the crime was well intended, it has been used to racial profile people that haven’t committed crimes. This is an example of policing and polit ics that don’t mix because the practice was encouraged and set up by the mayor and carried out by police and in this particular case both sides were wrong since its an abuse of power on both sides. Generally it is against the code of a city or town to advertise or do campaign work of any type while on duty. Take a patrol officer for example, if he was campaigning while on duty, he wouldn’t be serving or protecting. Hed be using city taxes which pay for his salary to promote or bash a particular campaign. This behavior would should a bias for or against a candidate and would look as if the city supported that officers political views. An officer is certainly allowed to campaign while off duty, on his or her own time, as long as it does not breach a code of professionalism. Even when political campaigning is carried out while off duty there can be professional repercussions for an individuals beliefs and objectives. A couple examples of political campaigns and the retaliation suffered is apparent in the following stories. In Missoula County located in Montana, a $120,000 settlement was reached in favor of sheriff’s deputies who alleged retaliation because of their plans to run for sheriff and under sheriff. Detective Sgt. T.J. McDermott and running mate Detective Jason Johnson were subjected to a hostile working environment simply because of their campaign objectives (Haake). In another case in Cook County, Illinois, a $2.4 million lawsuit was settled between 21 deputies. The 21 deputies brought the lawsuit against Tom Dart because they were unfairly treated and even denied promotions when they backed his political opponent when he was running [for] sheriff in 2006 (Sun Times Media). Ideally politics shouldnt play a roll in police administration, but more often than not they do because its simply unavoidable. You cant really ever separate an elected or appointed official from the political machine because part of their position requires the taking of sides and support of an agenda. The sensitive nature of balancing the needs and values of a small community, city or large metropolis are always in flux. What was needed five, ten, or fifteen years ago may not work in todays society. Whats needed in a particular area of the community or by a particular culture may be different than what is required by others. Society evolves and changes and so do the types of crimes committed within them. The political landscape and the police administration must adapt to meet the needs of the ever changing people for which they serve. Works Cited Schmalleger, Frank. Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction. 9th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2012. Print. Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology Matters. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. Reed, Wilson Edward. The Politics of Community Policing: The Case of Seattle. New York: Garland Pub., 1999. Print. Alpert, Geoffrey P., Roger G. Dunham, and Meghan S. Stroshine. Policing: Continuity and Change. Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2006. Print. Haake, Kathryn. Missoula County Pays $120K to 2 Deputies in Discrimination Settlement. Missoulian.com. Http://missoulian.com/, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. http://missoulian.com/news/local/missoula-county-pays-k-to-deputies-in-discrimination- settlement/article_d28b2df4-9a9b-11e3-9fc4-0019bb2963f4.html>. Cook County to Settle Deputies Suit vs. Sheriff Tom Dart for $2.4M.89 WLS, Chicagos Talk Leader. Sun-Times Media, LLC, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. http://www.wlsam.com/common/page.php?pt=Cook+County+to+settle+deputies %27+suit+vs.+Sheriff+Tom+Dart+for+%242.4Mid=85483is_corp=0>. Mahr, Joe, and Christy Gutowski. 7 DuPage Deputies Sue Sheriff, Alleging Retaliation.Chicago Tribune. N.p., 22 Nov. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-11-22/news/ct-dupage-sheriff-lawsuit-met- 1122-20131122_1_federal-lawsuit-16-year-sheriff-john-zaruba>. CARTER, DAVID L. POLITICS AND COMMUNITY POLICING: VARIABLES OF CHANGE THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT. JSTOR. Southern Public Administration Education Foundation, Inc. (SPAEF), 1995. Web. 01 Mar. 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40861642>. Morreale, Stephen A. Join Academia.edu Share Your Research with the World.Elements of Decision-making in Police Organizations. Stephen A. Morreale, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. http://www.academia.edu/778699/Elements_of_Decision- making_in_Police_Organizations>. Peltz, Jennifer. NYC Stop-And-Frisk Controversy.The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/nyc-stop-and-frisk-a-decade-rising- numbers_n_1970951.html>.

The Rime Of The Ancient Marine :: essays research papers

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Mariner is not in the hands of a merciful God because his agony always returns. He asks for forgiveness of his agony but still after he tells his tale the agony returns at random times. A merciful God would grant permanent mercy. For all, the Mariner has been through death and hardship of his crew because of the killing of the albatross. The thought of his crime is enough agony but the Mariner's agony returns until he has to relive the tragedy of the killing of his crew by telling his tale to another person. The fact that the agony always returns is particularly horrible about the Mariner's punishment because no matter how hard he tries or how much he prays his sin is carried along within him. The pain of his sin goes away right after he tells his tale but it returns shortly afterwards. The Mariner says that, after telling the Hermit his story, 'Since then, at an uncertain hour that agony returns.'; Since the first time the Mariner confessed his crime to the Hermit at an inconsistent hour God reminds the Mariner of the sin he has committed by piercing his heart with agonizing pain. He tells the Wedding Guest that, until he tells his story, 'The heart within me burns.'; This is God's way of expressing his anger to the Mariner for the curse he put on his crew when he killed the Albatross. God makes sure that the Mariner has and will fell agony, that the agony will always return, and that the agony will return at an unsure hour each day which causes the Mariner to relive his tale and to liv e in agony for the rest of his life. The Mariner is granted relief from his agony by telling his tale which releases his agony for a short while. The Mariner is telling the Wedding Guest why he must continue to tell his tale, 'Which forced me to begin my tale; And then it left me free.'; God has granted him the power to tell his tale which sets him free for a short while. Maybe God is merciful for letting him tell his tale but his agony always returns. He can't enjoy his little time of freedom because he is uncertain when the pain will return again. The Mariner travels, looking for the right person to tell his tale to, the face which relieves his agony and lets him feel free.

Unit 1 Assignment 1 Windows 2008 Network Services

Unit 1 – Assignment 1 – Windows 2008 Network Services If you have a routed local area network and high-speed links that are fairly reliable, you might be able to use one DNS server for a larger, multiple sub-netted network area. If you have a high number of client nodes on a single subnet design, you might want to add more than one DNS server to the subnet to provide backup and failover if the preferred DNS server stops responding.When determining the number of DNS servers you need to use, assess the effect of zone transfers and DNS query traffic on slower links in your network. Although DNS is designed to help reduce broadcast traffic between local subnets, it does create some traffic between servers and clients that should be reviewed, particularly when used in complexly routed LAN or WAN environments. Consider the effects of zone transfer over slower speed links, like those typically used for a wide area network (WAN) connection.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingAlth ough the DNS Server service supports incremental zone transfers and DNS clients and servers can cache recently used names, traffic considerations are sometimes still an issue, particularly when DHCP leases are shortened and, as a result, dynamic updates in DNS are performed more frequently. One option for dealing with remote locations on WAN links is to set up a DNS server at these locations to provide caching-only DNS service. With most installations, you should have at least two server computers hosting each of your DNS zones for fault tolerance.DNS was designed to have two servers for each zone, one as a primary server and the other as a backup or secondary server. When making any final determinations about the number of servers to use, first assess the level of fault tolerance you need for your network. Because there is no fixed limit to the maximum number of clients a DHCP server can service or to the number of scopes you can create on a DHCP server, the primary factors to cons ider when you determine the number of DHCP servers to use are network architecture and server hardware.For example, in a single subnet environment, only one DHCP server is necessary, although you may want to use two servers or deploy a DHCP server cluster for increased fault tolerance. In multiple subnet environments, routers must forward DHCP messages between subnets, so router performance can affect your DHCP service. In both cases, DHCP server hardware affects service to clients.

The Body Shop International Essay Example

The Body Shop International Essay Example The Body Shop International Paper The Body Shop International Paper The Body Shop International presents the case of a company whose business model strength initially relied on its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), but that afterwards faced problems and challenges, due to mismanagement of internal resources, stakeholders conflicts, and the unawareness of external changes. The model created advantages but also limited growth, as the organization was not prepared for expansion due to the lack of corporate structure required for a global strategy. Anita Roddick believes in the power of businesses and in the use of success as a force of social change, therefore Body initial mission was to make profit with principles, that is, being especially responsible for employees, society, Third World development and the environment. This innovative, radical and daring approach became Body Shops competitive advantage (Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility); and according to this strategy defined a unique marketing approach: desirable and environmental products, moderated prices and relaxed shop environment in order to attract and educate customers (humanistic, environmental conscious). CSR pay offs to Body Shop were clearly appreciated through the 80s when it grew 50% yearly; media attention and customer awareness resulted in boost sales, shop openings, increases in stock value, etc. Exhibit 1 shows Body Shops stakeholders and the strategic outcome or value created by the companys CSR behavior by means of the centrality, specificity, voluntarism and visibility of its actions. Special emphasis and success were obtained in the Visibility dimension, as Body Shop was not always able to practice its social vision, but always was very good at promoting it. Anita is a great PR (loud and quotable) and during her management always made sure the firm gained recognition from internal and external stakeholders. Other keys for Body Shops success were Anitas leadership, charisma, influence and management style; very convenient for an Entrepreneurship venture. She created a corporate culture based on communication, informality and break the rules mentality that resulted in employees loyalty, commitment and productivity. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 90s Body Shop seemed to have lost its magic growth formula. The main problems faced by the company were its inability to align and prioritize stakeholders interests, as well as its lack of agility and flexibility to evolve and adapt to external changes. One of the main causes was the companys low Proactivity. An initial opportunity was pursued by Body Shop due to its leader believes, vision, anecdotic and lucky events, but afterwards the company was never able to plan its behavior in anticipation of emerging trends and threats (competition, globalization, expansion) and therefore leverage its first mover advantage in the CSR field. Body Shops principal conflict of interest was with Franchises, one of its main partners and stakeholders. The company adopted this model of expansion which was initially appropriate due to its low risk (self financing), but failed in improving and controlling the network. Headquarters was not capable of implementing a control system over franchises, critical during an expansion stage, although a strict and time consuming selection was made. Some franchises were becoming unhappy, not aligned with the companys principles and unmotivated with the business and the concept. Some expressed concern about Anitas ethical and political blowups, but the bottom line was they were not profitable and felt they didnt received support and attention from headquarters. This was especially the case of independent franchises, which to date still represent 29% of the shops, who complained they were discriminated in favor of company owned ones. Body Shop is subcontracting its main asset (relationship with customers) to franchises, so they must align them. They contribute with important start up investments and royalties (5%), as well as with their knowledge and expertise about customers and markets. Vertical integration (buying back unmotivated franchises) is an alternative, but the basic problem will not be solved until they can regain control over the network and exercise legitimate authority over them, by means of implementing rules, standards, and hierarchies (Bureaucracy). Conflicts also started with other stakeholders, such as customers, investors, and even employees (complacency), mainly due to Anitas increasingly political actions. Body Shops brand and image started to deteriorate as consequence of public debates about the companys 100% natural products, best practices, thirst for publicity, hypocritical attitude and populist campaigning. That is, the companys real CSR intentions were questioned and there was a tendency to believe Body Shop expressed social concern just for selling. Potentially, customers could be lost and sales affected, as well as shareholders interests in terms of value creation (dividends, capital gains). Anita was over focusing on social activism and was indifferent to businesses bottom line: Profitability. Some of the key issues not addressed correctly by the company were their unawareness of industry changes and competitors reaction, as well as their failure in preparing an international expansion. Premium competitors such as Aveda, Lush and Origins began offering natural products, exercising pressure over Body Shop, who was not successfully innovating anymore and whose products were starting to be perceived as low end with premium price. The companys decision to expand internationally was a sensible one due to economies of scale (it was depending to much on the UK) and scope and to position itself as a global player in the cosmetic industry with the best CSR practices. However, they neither performed detailed market researches nor prepared the organizations structure for such an expansion. The U. S. market was a different one, with a diverse consumer base less concerned with environmental issues but product and price driven, less brand loyal and in where there was a tough competition, especially through advertisement; a bigger and less controllable market with few common characteristics with the English one. The Body Shop has two alternatives for international expansion: full penetration in the U. S. market with previous market segmentation, offering tailored products and services through convenient channels (gain support and capture malls) or a strategy of light penetration in the U. S. combined with focus in other potential foreign ventures, although not with the same size as the American one (Asia Pacific, Continental Europe, etc). In each case, Body Shop must train intensively to local staff, keep their values, refine their marketing strategy locally (strong advertisement in U. S. arket for example), meet local regulatory demands and continuously monitor and control implementations. In order to successfully transit to the next stage of its organizational life cycle, the Collective Stage, Body Shop should have changed its Roddicks centered organization, in were decision making was only a matter of its leaders. An informal organization was suitable when having few shops; size increase and global expansion demands a formal organization with defined control systems, strict acc ountability, increased bureaucracy and suitable information technology for information flow. A regional structure with decentralized decision making is necessary for gaining international advantage by means of national responsiveness (Multinational Corporation) and future global integration (Global Corporation). Knowledge transfer, headquarters planning, formalization and global teams coordination are key elements. Finally, leadership changes are necessary in order to avoid the organization dependency on Anita and to bring refreshing ideas and industrys best practices. Once a company is public, it needs to operate in its shareholders benefit, so focus should be profits over passion, and agency problems should be avoided, although founders legacy and best practices should be kept. Adrian Bellamy, an ex director who entered the company through a joint venture, is the actual CEO of the Body Shop, after the Roddicks stepped down due to investor pressures. Actually Anita is a consultant, and Bellamy should use Anitas knowledge and expertise in marketing and product development issues in favor of the company; let her continue travel and innovate! Body Shop should maintain its CSR advantage but also refocus its efforts in product development and retailing (franchises), taking into account characteristics of individual markets (adaptive vs. global). Cost reductions, new product launches and packaging, extension of successful ranges, promotions, refreshing store formats, new channels of distribution (Internet), I/T systems support (actually implementing SAP), are some suggested actions in order to re position the brand as one offering credible products at affordable prices. Will Body Shop achieve Sustainable Growth? Anitas legacy (CSR, innovation), together with good business management could make the company return to the success path. Although managing stakeholders relationships is not an easy and straightforward task, the company has still an important network of key partners (franchises) and a brand with global reach, within a sector (personal care) with potential and in were there are still opportunities for expansion.

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech

How to Write and Structure a Persuasive Speech The purpose of a persuasive speech is to convince your audience to agree with an idea or opinion that you present. First, youll need to choose a side on a controversial topic, then you will write a speech to explain your position, and convince the audience to agree with you. You can produce an effective persuasive speech if you structure your argument as a solution to a problem. Your first job as a speaker is to convince your audience that a particular problem is important to them, and then you must convince them that you have the solution to make things better. Note: You dont have to address a real problem. Any need can work as the problem. For example, you could consider the lack of a pet, the need to wash ones hands, or the need to pick a particular sport to play as the problem. As an example, lets imagine that you have chosen Getting Up Early as your persuasion topic. Your goal will be to persuade classmates to get themselves out of bed an hour earlier every morning. In this instance, the problem could be summed up as morning chaos. A standard speech format has an introduction with a great hook statement, three main points, and a summary. Your persuasive speech will be a tailored version of this format. Before you write the text of your speech, you should sketch an outline that includes your hook statement and three main points. Writing the Text The introduction of your speech must be compelling because your audience will make up their minds within a few minutes whether or not they are interested in your topic. Before you write the full body you should come up with a greeting. Your greeting can be as simple as Good morning everyone. My name is Frank. After your greeting, you will offer a hook to capture attention. A hook sentence for the morning chaos speech could be a question: How many times have you been late for school?Does your day begin with shouts and arguments?Have you ever missed the bus? Or your hook could be a statistic or surprising statement: More than 50 percent of high school students skip breakfast because they just dont have time to eat.Tardy kids drop out of school more often than punctual kids. Once you have the attention of your audience, follow through to define the topic/problem and introduce your solution. Heres an example of what you might have so far: Good afternoon, class. Some of you know me, but some of you may not. My name is Frank Godfrey, and I have a question for you. Does your day begin with shouts and arguments? Do you go to school in a bad mood because youve been yelled at, or because you argued with your parent? The chaos you experience in the morning can bring you down and affect your performance at school. Add the solution: You can improve your mood and your school performance by adding more time to your morning schedule. You can accomplish this by setting your alarm clock to go off one hour earlier. Your next task will be to write the body, which will contain the three main points youve come up with to argue your position. Each point will be followed by supporting evidence or anecdotes, and each body paragraph will need to end with a transition statement that leads to the next segment. Here is a sample of three main statements: Bad moods caused by morning chaos will affect your workday performance.If you skip breakfast to buy time, youre making a harmful health decision.(Ending on a cheerful note) Youll enjoy a boost to your self-esteem when you reduce the morning chaos. After you write three body paragraphs with strong transition statements that make your speech flow, you are ready to work on your summary. Your summary will re-emphasize your argument and restate your points in slightly different language. This can be a little tricky. You dont want to sound repetitive but will need to repeat what you have said. Find a way to reword the same main points. Finally, you must make sure to write a clear final sentence or passage to keep yourself from stammering at the end or fading off in an awkward moment. A few examples of graceful exits: We all like to sleep. Its hard to get up some mornings, but rest assured that the reward is well worth the effort.If you follow these guidelines and make the effort to get up a little bit earlier every day, youll reap rewards in your home life and on your report card. Tips for Writing Your Speech Dont be confrontational in your argument. You dont need to put down the other side; just convince your audience that your position is correct by using positive assertions.Use simple statistics. Dont overwhelm your audience with confusing numbers.Dont complicate your speech by going outside the standard three points format. While it might seem simplistic, it is a tried and true method for presenting to an audience who is listening as opposed to reading.

Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde

Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on... Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on...

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Critique - Essay Example for her whereby she is treated by her stepmother like a servant in her own home when her father dies, she endures so that she can fulfil her mothers wish. That is before she died she told her to be kind to everyone. Cinderella who is Ella is one of the characters who shows kindness humility and respect to her stepmother and her step sister, despite them mistreating her. She does all the house chores. One day as she is in the woods, she meets a stranger who is the prince charming, whoever she does not know whether he is a prince instead she thinks that he is a servant in the palace. When the king calls for all maidens to the ball, she becomes happy, for she knows she will see the stranger again who is the prince. Unfortunately, her plans begin to fall apart when she is forbidden by her stepmother to go to the palace, and to make the matters even worse she rips off her dress. Cinderella dreams fall into doom place. However a Godmother fairy who is despised and be referred to as the kindly beggar appears with a pumpkin and several mice whereby she transforms them into a carriage and horses respectively. She even dresses Cinderella in a most beautiful dress and changes her forever. Due to this Cind erella dream of seeing the stranger again are arisen and she is able to meet the prince. The prince charming who is a loving character and a humble prince. He was so excellent in sword skills. Though he appears elegant both mentally and appearance wise, he is also swashbuckler. For instance, he challenges his father in a friendly sword fight. He also races his horse in order to go and save Cinderella. Surprisingly, despite his position as a prince and the royal status, he is shallow and accepts every person around her without judging by their background or their position instead he judges them by their personality. According to (Variety), prince charming meets Cinderella in the woods where he falls in love. He persuaded his father to welcome maidens to the ball with the

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Economics - Essay Example in terms of taking care of customers in order to retain their loyalty and administrating other business matters. If county size is small then there are less residents in the county, and county administration can easily take care of the needs of county residents, as a result residents remain loyal and do not think about migrating from there. As the residents in a small county are few in numbers, the county administration can have close contact with them. It can listen to there problems carefully and can redress them if it thinks them justified. Due to better understanding between a resident and administration the chance of resident’s disloyalty and disappointment are reduced. Other advantage claimed by Small County is that it can more easily deal with a problem than a large county. For example if a problem of water occurs in county, a small sized county can better deal with this problem due to its small size than a large county. Secondly, as the size of county increases another issue about providing facilities like water, security, gas etc. is also raised that is, will the county administration be able to fulfill all the needs of the residents in return of taxes e.g. property tax, paid by the residents. If the size of county increases it will be very difficult for county’s administration to fairly administrate the system of taxation. 2. If the investors are permitted then how county board will provide necessary facilities e.g. water etc., in return of taxes and funds paid by residents. As county already lacks sufficient water to support such a population increase, as a result residents can be disloyal. In this situation, how it would be possible for county board to raise sufficient funds for wanted

Chemistry in Daily Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chemistry in Daily Life - Essay Example This world is made up of matter. We human beings are part of matter as we live in this world. Our body is made up of matter of different kinds. Matter is embedded in everything that contributes to protect our life - right from the food we have to the environment we live in. And, from what we eat to where we live, it is all related to chemistry. The human body thrives on organic compounds like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc., and defends itself with enzymes such as catalase, reducing agents such as glutathione and cysteine, and we eat antioxidants such as vitamin C, E and polyphenol, etc.,) as our food to survive. Men in pre-historic age lived by using natural things / materials to a large extent. By the passage of time, man has now learnt to use natural resources to develop things for us as per his needs. Today, there is hardly any area in which Chemistry does not play a critical role in a man's daily life. Toiletries, cosmetic and beautifying products are some other items which are of use in our daily life. There are products like carbolic acids, toothpaste, mouth-fresheners, moisturizers, skin creams, face powders, deodorants, shampoos and soaps which sets off a day in our life. In all these products, lots of chemical ingredients are used. Carbolic acids are used as disinfectants to protect the bathroom and toilets from causing infections and keeping them clean. We start our day early morning by brushing our teeth. We use tooth paste to keep our teeth fresh, shiny and to protect them from decaying. We also use mouth fresheners (liquid) to keep bad breath - Halitosis in scientific term - at bay. Toothpaste includes water (H2O), Glycerol (CH2OH), Dibasic calcium phosphate (CaHPO4), Sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate, Carrageenan, Fluorides, etc., and some toothpastes even contain salt in their ingredients. Isn't it amazing that there are so many chemical ingredients involved in a small tube of toothpaste! Cosmetic items like moisturizers, skin creams, face powders, deodorants, lipsticks, shampoos and soaps include numerous ingredients like water, emulsifiers, preservatives, thickener, color and fragrance components. A bathing soap may contain chemical additives like caustic soda, citric acid, sodium chloride, mineral oil, scent, etc. Similarly, a detergent soap and powder and dishwasher soap or powder may contain many chemical compositions. Chemistry and food As we enter the kitchen, the main object that stands out is the stove. Most of the kitchen in this modern world is furnished with gas stoves. A gas stove mainly runs on cooking gas containing butane, ethane and propane and may also include methyl or ethyl mercaptans. Though not substantially used of late, stoves running on fuel like kerosene and gasoline had been of much use in the yesteryears and are still in use in remote places where there is scarcity of cooking gas. What is essential to lead a healthy life is food. Every food that is cooked includes chemicals which further multiply into more chemicals due to the reaction while cooking. For instance, rice contains carbohydrates and when it is cooked, it undergoes many chemical reactions, multiplying the available chemical elements into numerous other chemical

ANALYSIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example 73). This poses a threat to the aircraft industry in that trains are going at speeds better than airplanes yet they are cheaper in terms of fare paid (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 98). In addition, it has been noted that trains and automobiles are more convenient as opposed to the airplanes (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 98). This is because the automobiles offer better services in terms of door to door deliveries. The aircraft industry faces this threat since delivery of both goods and people is restricted to the airports (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 101). Travelers however are opting to use more convenient and cheaper means. As such, aircrafts like Bombardier Aerospace face the most significant substitutes as being commercial airlines (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 55). This lies in the cost incurred since the cost of boarding a flight on an air taxi is approximated to be the same as the cost of a coach airline ticket (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 55). Based on this, it is noted that 8.12% of the first class commuters have shifted to private jets (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 87). This can be blamed partly on the post-9/11 disturbances of airline voyage, ineffective airfields and profitable airlines as well as contemporary emphasis on time and effectiveness (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 99). People actually values time and the efficiency in which the airlines are operating. Strengths of the Southwest Airline Company are inclined on the corporation’s growth as well as the internal environment (Lauer, 2010, p. 29). The company has a superior clientele service culture, operational strategy within the firm as well as the capacity to provide the lowest costs in terms of fare (Lauer, 2010, p. 29). These are some of the issues that have contributed to its fast development and survival within the 2009 recession in aircraft industry (Lauer, 2010, p. 31). The company’s operational strategy gives room for the airline to measure the recession with

Working out Alternatives Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Working out Alternatives - Case Study Example In retrospect, FAR one of the players of Adventure racing faces the challenges of inadequate revenue and from the influence of competitors. The company’s management predicts the company will continue making losses (Holland and Jackie 248). This influence has an impact of the return on investment value of the organization (R.O.I) In analyzing the external environment of FAR various aspects influence organizational performance. First FAR sponsors act as the first influence to the organizational revenue collection. Sponsors have been important in adding value to the organization due to their financial contribution to Racing events. On the other hand, local governments as well as national governments have an implication on firm’s operation (Hoang and Frank 739). It also comes into perspective that environmentalist have an influence on the organization. Environmentalists have an influence on the choice of the routes for the races. Their sentiments ensure that racing events does not influence the environment negatively (Vahlne and Neil 24). On the hand, customers have an important role to play on the success of the firm. Customers purchase tickets to racing events adding value to the revenue of FAR. An analysis on the revenue of FAR, reveals that the organization provides tickets affordable to every individual. The company’s president Zietsma maintains a low-ticket cost of $1,400 and $4,200 per team. The first price represents a 36-hour race while the next price concentrates on extreme race events. In comparison to other events within the region, FAR rate ranks low. British Colombia races and other races rate at $2000 for the 36-hour race and $5000 to $9000 for extreme races. Other races have higher costs due to increased costs translating from hiring of vehicles, staff and in renting equipments. Other related expenses that make the firm unique to competitors are that it does not incur

The Case of Samsung Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The of Samsung - Case Study Example Solutions to the three issues require the inclusion of decision-making, strategic planning, and goal setting. The problem of competition can be solved by acquiring competitive advantage (Mars, 2009). Samsung can acquire this advantage by focusing on creating more appealing features to their products so as to attract more customers and establish customer loyalty. The problem of unproductive marketing strategies can be solved through market specialization in specific expertise for specific markets. Price fluctuation can be solved by developing a plan that helps to determine foreign countries exchange rates (Lindros, 2014). With this knowledge, a company can take financial actions in a more systematic manner. What the case of Samsung tells about strategic management is that it is a comprehensive process that involves a systematic set of activities that rely on resources and clearly defined actions. In terms of resource, the company relies on human and material resources as well as raw m aterials to be able to deliver. Strategic management also relies on teamwork specifically through a product marketing team that ensures the handset division controls risks and competition from other handset providers such as Nokia. The Case of ZespriAs a large exporter of kiwifruit, Zespri experiences three main issues that include; competition, market instability and fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Zespri faces great competition from other producers of kiwifruit in China and Italy as well as competition from other alternative crops.

ANALYSIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example 73). This poses a threat to the aircraft industry in that trains are going at speeds better than airplanes yet they are cheaper in terms of fare paid (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 98). In addition, it has been noted that trains and automobiles are more convenient as opposed to the airplanes (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 98). This is because the automobiles offer better services in terms of door to door deliveries. The aircraft industry faces this threat since delivery of both goods and people is restricted to the airports (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 101). Travelers however are opting to use more convenient and cheaper means. As such, aircrafts like Bombardier Aerospace face the most significant substitutes as being commercial airlines (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 55). This lies in the cost incurred since the cost of boarding a flight on an air taxi is approximated to be the same as the cost of a coach airline ticket (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 55). Based on this, it is noted that 8.12% of the first class commuters have shifted to private jets (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 87). This can be blamed partly on the post-9/11 disturbances of airline voyage, ineffective airfields and profitable airlines as well as contemporary emphasis on time and effectiveness (Grimm, Lee & Smith, 2006, p. 99). People actually values time and the efficiency in which the airlines are operating. Strengths of the Southwest Airline Company are inclined on the corporation’s growth as well as the internal environment (Lauer, 2010, p. 29). The company has a superior clientele service culture, operational strategy within the firm as well as the capacity to provide the lowest costs in terms of fare (Lauer, 2010, p. 29). These are some of the issues that have contributed to its fast development and survival within the 2009 recession in aircraft industry (Lauer, 2010, p. 31). The company’s operational strategy gives room for the airline to measure the recession with

The Case of Samsung Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The of Samsung - Case Study Example Solutions to the three issues require the inclusion of decision-making, strategic planning, and goal setting. The problem of competition can be solved by acquiring competitive advantage (Mars, 2009). Samsung can acquire this advantage by focusing on creating more appealing features to their products so as to attract more customers and establish customer loyalty. The problem of unproductive marketing strategies can be solved through market specialization in specific expertise for specific markets. Price fluctuation can be solved by developing a plan that helps to determine foreign countries exchange rates (Lindros, 2014). With this knowledge, a company can take financial actions in a more systematic manner. What the case of Samsung tells about strategic management is that it is a comprehensive process that involves a systematic set of activities that rely on resources and clearly defined actions. In terms of resource, the company relies on human and material resources as well as raw m aterials to be able to deliver. Strategic management also relies on teamwork specifically through a product marketing team that ensures the handset division controls risks and competition from other handset providers such as Nokia. The Case of ZespriAs a large exporter of kiwifruit, Zespri experiences three main issues that include; competition, market instability and fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Zespri faces great competition from other producers of kiwifruit in China and Italy as well as competition from other alternative crops.

Hybrid cars Essay Example for Free

Hybrid cars Essay Industrialization has contributed to high-energy consumption across the world. The developed countries consume the larger share due to more industries that operate there. The release of pollutant substances into the atmosphere has led to global warming whose dangerous effects are already being felt today. The motor industry, being one of the largest pollutants, has been seeking new technologies that would lead to less pollution. The amounts of carbon dioxide by the motor industry are large enough for the industry to get concerned. In the early days, most cars were solely powered by fuel combustion engines alone. Such vehicles did not have much power as the new hybrid engines of nowadays. The fuel engines also produced large quantities of harmful gases. With the current debate on environmental issues, car manufacturers have resulted to developing more energy efficient vehicles that will produce equal or more power as earlier engines but with less harmful effects. The idea of developing hybrid car engines was borne from the successful introduction of hybrid powertrains. These hybrid powertrains were found more fuel efficient and this triggered car manufacturers to adopting the technology to the car industry (Haan et al, 2006). Hybrid cars are those cars whose engines use more than one power sources. Much criticism as well as commendation of these hybrid cars has been witnessed. The main issues of contention are the fuel efficiency of the hybrid vehicles over other engine cars and the effect of the hybrid cars on the economy. Some authors have argued that as much as hybrid vehicles lead to fuel efficiency, there are counter effects that negate any gains made. Studies have been done to quantify these factors to authenticate the allegations and interesting findings have come up. () In a study by Haan and others, they aimed at assessing the extent to which hybrid cars had changed people’s choice of buying cars. It had been argued that the introduction of hybrid cars led to people abandoning the fuel efficient vehicles they used earlier in favour of hybrid cars. The study was an assessment of the various ways that policy makers in different countries intended to address issues of pollution by cars. Several measures had been proposed and they centered on reducing the demand for cars, reducing energy consumption per vehicle per distance in kilometers and reduction of carbon emissions (Haan, 1082). Hybrid cars were considered energy efficient and that fewer pollutants were released (http://www. activehybrid. com). It was, however, generally argued that the hybrid cars had other counter effects. The study by Haan sought to quantify this. This suggests that there was an argument that hybrid cars, for some reason, were bought as additional cars thus increasing the number of cars owned by a household. Governments aim at reducing number of cars per household and hybrid cars worked against this principle. Following this argument, there was a general view that the lesser taxes charged on hybrid cars had led to the influx of the cars into the markets. (http://www. activehybrid. com/). The results of the study indicate that hybrid cars indeed reduce emissions. If a government is to effectively reduce the amount of emissions from the motor industry, hybrid cars have to be adopted. Policy should, therefore, allow more hybrid cars and to encourage this, tax reductions on hybrid cars should be sustained. The study further identified that hybrid cars do not increase the number of cars per household. The increment that was recorded was due to other factors unassociated with hybrid cars themselves. The findings of this study quell fears that hybrid cars have an overall effect that harm the economy (http://www. activehybrid. com/Why-Hybrids-are-the-Vehicles-of-Choice-these-days. html). Authors expressed that it was insufficient to evaluate a vehicle’s pollution level without considering other factors involved in the vehicle’s life cycle. Authors expressed a need of focusing not only on the output emission levels of the final product but also on the processes involved in developing these cars. Economic factors had to be considered to justify the efficiency of any type of car engine including hybrid. The cost aspect also had to be checked, to assess the economic viability of the car engines, the prices of having batteries was analyzed, fuel costs also, and driving range (Granovskii, 1186). Granovskii and others carried out a study to assess the environmental factors. The study sought to quantity the amounts of greenhouse gases related by each of the types of engines considered. The various other pollutants emitted in the manufacture and repair of batteries were also analyzed. The results of this study show that in comparison with the electric car, hybrid car was superior in car emission produced. More pollutants were released. The prices of electric cars were less than those of hybrid cars. There results suggest that if electric power would be generated and conserved in the car engines, the gains from such an electric engine would be more than that from hybrid cars. However, the study found that no car engine was superior to all other on all fronts. On every aspect the different cars engines should advantages over others. The hydrogen engine, though, did not have any advantage over other engine types except that it had least pollution. The study further indicated that when natural gases are used for generation of electricity in an engine, the hybrid is better than other engine types (Anderson). Manufacturers had further developed intelligent technology that enabled cars to sense their environments and adjust their fuel consumption levels. The developers of this technology strongly believed that this technology was the most fuel efficient that should be adopted to replace the hybrid cars. The new technology engine was proposed as fuel saving and less pollutant than all other engine types. A review of literature in a study done by Manzie and others reveal that hybrid cars had high initial costs that dispelled many customers from buying them. Hybrid engines had been found to be more fuel efficient in trains and this technology was extended to the cars. The study by Manzie focused on identifying any benefits realized from the use of hybrid and communication technologies in fuel economy. A situation model was used in evaluation of the fuel economy of combining these two technologies. The study was carried out in Australia. The hybrid model used in this consisted of the hybrid electric vehicle. The speed of the vehicle was evaluated when the technologies are combined. Several control procedures were put to ensure the result are not skewed to any side (http://www. hybrid-vehicles. net/). The results of the study indicate that there were significant improvements in fuel economizing. Less fuel was consumed by the hybrid vehicles. Telematics, which combine intelligent capabilities in a car, were found to be cost effective and fuel efficient. The results also indicate that there may be challenges in adopting the new telematics technology because it affects overtaking between intelligent and unintelligent cars. The study indicated that hybrid systems alone consumed less fuel. A combination of hybrid and telematics technology to create an intelligent hybrid car led to more improvements in fuel consumption. There are benefits that are associated with the hybrid cars. Studies have shown that these cars consume less fuel, release fewer pollutants and have more power. Today the hybrid model car engines are being improved their capabilities. Hybrid cars are environmental friend. These cars are also cheap enabling people to acquire vehicles fast and save money to do other important things. The hybrid cars have now found their way into United States military operations (Mehney). It is evident from the above analysis that hybrid vehicles consume less energy than combustion engines. The evidence is not only in theory but has been supported by empirical evidence. The several control measures applied in each study ensure that the results are a true representation of the actual situation. Hybrid cars have all evidently been found to release fewer pollutants into the atmosphere. In fact, this is the technology that every country serious on reducing pollution should emphasize on. The criticism of the hybrid cars has not presented empirical evidence to authenticate allegations. Most of these allegations are generalizations. It seems that the hybrid technology poses a threat to some manufacturers and that is why they resist it. The technology, however, has revealed its evidence and we can go by it. Manufacturers need to focus on building energy efficient cars such as the hybrid ones. Works Cited Granovskii, Mikhail. , Dincer, Ibrahim and Marc A. Rosen. â€Å"Economic and environmental comparison of conventional, hybrid, electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles† Journal of Power Sources. Volume 159, 2, (2006): 1186-1193. Haan, Peter. , Peters, Anja and Scholz W. Roland. †The Automobile Industry Sustainability† Journal of Cleaner Production. Volume 15, 11-12, (2006): 1076-1084. â€Å"Hybrid cars are an excellent choice! † 2007 Hybrid Cars Blog 15 August 2007 http://www. activehybrid. com/ â€Å"Hybrid Vehicles† 2005, 15 August 2007 http://www. hybrid-vehicles. net/ . Manzie, Chris. , Watson, Harry and Halgamuge, Saman. â€Å"Fuel economy improvements for urban driving: Hybrid vs. intelligent vehicles† Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies Volume 15, Issue 1, 2007: 1-16. Mehney, Paul. â€Å"Public Affairs Officer Army Unveils First Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for New Combat Vehicles,† Aug 15, 2007. US Army. 15 August 2007 http://www. army. mil/-newsreleases/2007/08/15/4424-army-unveils-first-hybrid-electric-propulsion-system-for-new-combat-vehicles/. Anderson, Tony. â€Å"Proven Ways to Increase Your Gas Mileage†, July 1, 2007, 15 august 2007 http://www. gasmileagemanual. com/? gclid=CO3UhKPF940CFQWIlAodGRsjMA. â€Å"Why Hybrids Are The Vehicles Of Choice These Days. † 15 August 2007, http://www. activehybrid. com/Why-Hybrids-are-the-Vehicles-of-Choice-these-days. html.

Solutions To Reduce Job Insecurity In Companies Management Essay

Solutions To Reduce Job Insecurity In Companies Management Essay Without endorsement, employees would feel that their company does not care about its staff and would therefore lack security. Thus, in this regard, this research attempts to evaluate the relevant staff motivation strategies to achieve organisational targets in employee satisfaction for their respective jobs. The organisational background presented several points that only accentuates and stresses the need for a study in determining solutions of job security for staff. As part of the possible conclusion of the study, this research only details the solutions to reduce job insecurity in companies, and retaining staff in order to meet target goals and quality improvements. The outcome of this report is limited only to the data collated from research papers and extracts on employee retention, human resource management (HRM), motivation and from primary data collected from the result of the questionnaire survey and interviews that were completed by other researchers. A descriptive research will be more valuable as it deals with everything that can be counted and studied but also uses a quantitative approach which will be practical for quantifying employee relationships between factors affecting job security. Table of contents Introductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..3 Problem statementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4 Aims and Objectivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦5 Research Methodologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦6 Benefits of the researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦8 Time planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.9 Budget analysisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..10 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..11 Introduction Job insecurity is a situation in which employees lack the assurance that their jobs will remain safe. It is an employees conviction that his or her job is irresolute and may come to an end sooner than predicted. From what has been conceived and inferred, it is clear that this sentiment is upsetting to employees, given the prospect of losing the positive material, social, and psychological benefits associated with employment (De Witte, 1999). Research into the matter has provided reliable evidence across firms, industries, and countries that job insecurity is associated with negative employee attitudes, behaviors but also health. Are you structurally unemployed, fractionally unemployed, or out of a job?(Colossi, 1989). Decrease in workforce, lay-offs, downsizing, rightsizing, and restructure- all of these are terms currently being used to describe the hard work of organisations to decrease overheads and to obtain or regain a competitive advantage. How the elementary change of job security to job insecurity affects employees, is a concern for policy makers and researchers. This study observes factors involved in job insecurity and how they affect employees in terms of personal feelings and future employability. The Main effects of job insecurity are: Its been heard many times that life and work should be kept in harmony and balance but when work takes over life, it is easy to resent it and lose a sense of perception: Suddenly everything about life itself is clouded with pessimism. Job insecurity is linked to health problems and this has been examined in many studies. Stress, anxiety, psychological problems and depression, mental problem and emotional collapse can all be considered as the products of this scenario and mind frame. Job insecurity is causing poor health, anxieties and stress though it is worth noting that it is not the sole contributing factor to these. They are also caused by many other circumstances, including threat of job loss, changes in job description, added responsibilities because of dismissal of co worker, forced relocation and loss of potential for promotion. Problem statement In the past, individual employees believed that they had job security in return for their fidelity, though now, they have no guaranteed career paths or long term employment. Employability has become the new philosophy in the business nowadays, replacing patronizing sentiments and job insecurity.(waterman et al, 1994) Survivors and victims of downsizing experience fear, uncertainty, insecurity, distrust, and hatred as well as emotions typical of misery ; rage, disagreement and lack of confidence. These feelings affect employees not only in their work environment but also in their private lives. These particular emotions are the neither healthy nor productive in their workplace (noer, 1993; keichel III, 1994). In the wake of downsizing, retained employees are expected to restructure and re-organise work processes, be decision makers, be collaborative and team players but also become more customer focused (henoff, 1994; Huey, 1993). Unsurprisingly, international organisations report tha t stress is ubiquitous and combined with low confidence, as employees deal with increasing workloads, their reactions to organisational situations cause continuity to be threatened. Staff, employees or workers are fuels of every organisation. Without them, the organisation cannot function. They complete every essential tasks for the proliferation of the organisation. Employees are expected to ensure that various tasks are being given focus and that the business operations function with ease. Thus, employees should be valued and taken care of. Employees with incomparable skills are hard to find and sometimes it takes a lot of resource just to find one. Employees should also be valued for their principles and loyalty to their employer. Without motivation, employees would be less enthusiastic to give their best and would rather be an idler. Motivation or empowerment of staff is crucial for their retention (Computing Research Association, 1999). Without empowerment, staff would feel tha t their employer does not value them. Aims Objectives The main objective of the research is to ascertain the different characteristics of job insecurity and the relationship between the various factors affecting performance of staff. This methodical research is very much centered on identification of these so called factors. The other important feature of the research with regards to performance are also analysed in this research. The following are the other main objectives of the research; What are the main factors affecting the job insecurity towards employees? Do external and internal factors affect job security towards employees? Do the systems processes influence the job insecurity to the employees? Are the staff pleased with the environment of the workplace? Are there any problems with staff retention? Are there any factors which affect the morale in order to improve their motivation? Are there other factors which are leading to this trend in the other organisations? Research Methodology Research Design Brief description This part of the proposal talks about the methods that have been used for the research.  Ã‚  It describes the steps that should be taken in order to complete the study.  Ã‚  There are steps that include the procedure of the collation for the data that is needed in the delivery and completion of the research.  It also presents the approach in which these data will be used and integrated in the study but at the same time, details how the research proceeds to come up with the aims and objectives in order to reach to the final conclusion. In retrospect to the objectives of the study, the latter intends to determine the different aspects of job insecurity for employees. In order to identify the opinions of such employees, the studys methodology was focused on gathering both primary and secondary data through related research literature and the survey as well as interview materials. The immediate research methodology in mind is the descriptive research design.  The research is taken from different data sources that is vital in analysing the level of satisfaction issues associated with job insecurity performance standards for the subject employees. In order to produce relevant findings and provide reliable recommendations, this study uses two sources of research: primary and secondary.  Ã‚  Primary research data is obtained through fresh research study: questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. On the other hand, the secondary research data is found from previous studies on the same topic.  In order to come to the main issue of how to gather the necessary data for the research questions and objectives, important layers should be first be stripped. With the said process, the researcher is able to make an outline on what measures are most suitable to be applied in the study. Qualitative or Quantitative Approach The research described is based basically on both qualitative and  quantitative  research methods. This allows a flexible and iterative approach. During data collection, the choice and design of methods are constantly changed, based on ongoing analysis. This allows investigation of important new points and questions as they happen but also permits the researchers to remove unproductive sections of research from the original plan. Basically, quantitative method is compatible with this study because it allows the research problem to be conducted in a very specific and set terms (Frankfort-Nachmias and Nachmias, 1992). Besides, quantitative research clearly and specifically represents both the independent and the dependent variables under investigation (Matveev, 2002). Finally, it achieves high levels of consistency of gathered data due to i.e. controlled observations, mass surveys or other form of research manipulations (Balsley, 1990). The research should be based on surveys and statistical treatments, and therefore the quantitative approach fits well with this. On the other hand qualitative researchers study things in their natural ways, attempting to make sense of, or deduce phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Accordingly, qualitative researchers arrange a wide range of interrelated methods, hoping always to obtain a better fix on the topic matter at hand.   From this procedure, meaning is produced. However, because views differ with the individual, varied meanings are entirely plausible. With this particular study, the researcher used  both documentary secondary data  in the form of articles from books, journals, magazines and newspapers that are normally about corporate culture and quality service along with survey-based secondary data. Sampling / population The general population consists of staff from several different independent companies. Subjects are also interviewed independently from their HR managers. Respondents are probed for the current status of job insecurity factors among peers and the performance of their organisation. Basically,  Guilford, J.P. and B. Fruchter (1973), initiated that it is advisable to use the Slovins formula in choosing sample sizes, which has been implemented in this instance. The formula is as follows: Where:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  n = a sample size  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   N= population size e= desired margin of error (percent allowance for non-precision because of the use of the sample instead of the population).   Benefits of the research According to a recent report from the Society for Human Resource Management, employees consider benefits and job security as the two of the key aspects that provide overall job satisfaction. Job insecurity has an impact not only for employees but also the performance of the employer and its organisation. Subsequently, it can be said that the research will be both beneficial for companies and employees. We will then be able to distinguish the factors affecting job insecurity and the ensuing solutions and preventative methods to avoid this condition. Furthermore, employees families and other surrounding are affected too as this is due to health problems and imbalance lifestyles. Consequently, the aforementioned families will be part of the beneficiaries as well. Time plan Budget analysis Time of project Human resources- research assistance -field and technical support. Research expenses: printing of tools, Field expenses Meetings/consultations for research Printing of the report Capital- computers/setting up office/software for data analysis Overheads electricity, rent, and so on Expenditure Estimated Cost (Rs) Printing of research proposal 61 Transport expenses 350 Expenses of magazines, books for research. 1500 Binding cost 60 Questionnaire (Quantity = 100) 202 Total cost of 5950

Ambiguous Situations in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Ambiguous Situations      Ã‚   The audience finds in William Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbetha number of developments and words and situations which are equivocal, unclear, unintelligible. This essay will explore and analyze these parts of the play.    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" mentions equivocation, unreality and other possible causes of ambiguity within the play:    The equivocal nature of temptation, the commerce with phantoms consequent upon false choice, the resulting sense of unreality ("nothing is, but what is not"), which has yet such power to "smother" vital function, the unnaturalness of evil ("against the use of nature"), and the relation between disintegration in the individual ("my single state of man") and disorder in the larger social organism - all these are major themes of the play which are mirrored in the speech under consideration. (94)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments on the ambiguities surrounding the Weird Sisters:    Scholars have been much exercised to determine the status of the Weird Sisters; but again theirs seems to be a case like that of the Ghost of Hamlet's father: the ambiguities concerning these creatures are deliberate and meant to enhance our sense of their mystery without determining just what they are. They are something like the Norse fates in Holinshed, a good deal like ordinary English witches, and suggestive, besides, of a projection of Macbeth's ambition and his consequent fears [. . .]. (72-73)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the purposeful obscurity in which Shakespeare keeps the three Witches:    The obscurity with which Shakespeare envelops their nature and powers is very probably deliberate, since he seems to intend them to body forth, in a physical presence on stage, precisely the mystery, the ambiguity, the question mark (psychological as well as metaphysical) that lies at the root of human wrong-doing, which is always both local and explicable, universal and inexplicable, like these very figures. (185-86)    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson explains the irrational nature of the actions of Macbeth and his wife - a cause of ambiguity:      I do not need to remind you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and his Lady pull themselves together for their desperate effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins here as a competition and a stunt, against reason and against nature.

Impact of Christianity On The Roman Culture :: essays research papers

Christianity came into the world approximately two thousand years ago. It was persecuted at first, but atually became the offical religion in 381 A.D. "It is the spiritual force that conquered the Roman Empire; one of the decisive elements in the growth of Western civiliztion (Bunson 9). Throughout history Christianity has played a major role in changing our society into what it is today. "Christianity won the professed allegiance of the overwhelming majority of the population of the Roman Empire and even the support of the Roman State (Latourette 65). Not only did Christianity thrive, but it also succeeded in changing the face of Roman culture. Consider the gladiatorial fights. "The huge Coliseum at Rome seated 50 thousand people and was the scene of many bloody gladiatorial combats and even mock naval battles" (Schoder 108). "Hundreds of thousands of slaves shed their blood in the arena in Rome year after year to satisfy the perverted lust of the Roman mob" (Kennedy 148). "Although many Romans descried these blook-letting contests, there persisted a streak of cruelty in Roman public amusements which can scarcely be comprehended, far less condoned, today (81). The message of Christianity helped changed this aspect of Roman life because it gave worth and significance every life (Kennedy 149). Jesus told the multitudes to "love your neighbor as yourself" (Luke 10:27) He also told the story of the good summaritan to illistrate that any person he came in contact with was his good neighbor (Luke 10:30-37). Christianities message contains the golden rule "do to others as you you have them do to you" (Luke 6-3)."The child of today is loved and adored. But it was not so in pre-Christian times. The Roman father’s power of his child was absolute. "He could expose it to death; he could scourge it, mutilate it, marry it, divorce it, see it as a slave, or kill it to satisfy his own blood lust." Quintillion, a roman writer, said that to kill a man was often held to be a crime, but to kill one’s own children was sometimes considered a beautiful action (Kennedy 149). The message of Christianity gave value to children. Jeasus said "who ever humbles himself like this child is greatest in my kingdom. If anyone causes these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone around his neck and be drowned in the Sea (Matt 18:4-6).

Genetically modified organism

Good afternoon Ladles and Gentlemen. Today, the topic for our debate is on whether â€Å"the benefits of transgenic species outweigh the ethical considerations. † We, the negative team, believe that this statement is false. The first affirmative speaker has tried to tell you that transgenic plant species are a revolutionary new way to produce crops with dramatically Increasing yields and as a result, this will Increase the farmlands' productivity. However, this Is wrong.In fact, as evidence suggests, the introduction of transgenic crops are doing very little to increase overall crop yields. The second affirmative speaker spoke to you on how transgenic animals provides a shortcut to the development of animals that have many desired traits and its products can be benefits of mankind. Examples Include animals such as transgenic pigs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and cows that produce better milk. In our defense, animals do have their own rights.The creation of transgenic anim als is morally wrong and the long-term effect on them and their consumers are questionable. Finally, the third and final speaker from the affirmative team made a point on how rearranges species will herald a new era of food production, Improving animal food quality and productivity. They may not be natural, but not everything natural Is good for us and not everything unnatural is bad for us. She argued that genetically modified foods have been on the market since 1996, we would know by now if they were an immediate health threat.However, this is wrong, Just because you don't know of a problem, who is there to say that it doesn't exist? Most transgenic products are still yet to be tested for safety and it may be most of these that are ending up In our grocery carts without us even knowing. From this, we can also see that more and more possible health risks associated with transgenic species are starting to show. First let us examine one of our case studies. The transgenic plant MOON 810 corn. This is a genetically modified crop developed by an American agricultural biotechnology corporation Monsanto.Bacillus Thirstiness, a bacterium which produces the BET toxin poisonous to insects, Is Inserted as a gene Into the DNA of MOON 81 0 corns. This plant has been purposely modified to combat crop loss due to Insects and Is now rowan on a large scale in USA. Despite it having been claimed that the insecticide will cause no harm to human consumers, However there is compelling evidence that shows the rates of chronic diseases have been increasing drastically since transgenic species products were introduced to public in USA.The chart on this slide show increase in Inflammation rate, such as chronic constipation, gastrointestinal reflux, In April 2009, the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety of the German government suspended the approval and banned the cultivation of any ore MAMMON maize. It also got banned in other countries around the world including Austria, Greece and France. Since July 12th its cultivation has been banned in Italy, in reaction to a scientific report sent out by the Italian Agricultural Research Council.Another example of a transgenic species is cows being treated with a genetically engineered form of Bovine assimilation, also known as BIG. BIG is a peptide hormone produced by cows that is shown to have kept their metabolic processes regulated, increased their milk yield and beef growth. Yet, while this is all happening, his was also slowly killing the cow. In 1937, the administration of BIG was shown to be increasing the milk yield in lactating cows. Until the sass, there was a very limited use of the compound in agriculture and during this time also, the knowledge of the structure and function of the hormone increased.Later, the gene had been separated, purified and was now being applied to cow through genetic engineering. Since then, it has been immersed in controversy and parts of the concerns were in rega rds to the potential effects this has on the animals' health. A 1991 report by Rural Vermont revealed that BIG cows were suffering from serious health problems, including an alarming rise in the number of deformed calves and in mastitis, a painful bacterial infection of the udder that causes inflammation.Milk taken from these cows also now contained higher levels of GIF-I (Insulin Growth Factor-I). Although we, humans, naturally have GIF-I, elevated levels of it have been linked to the diagnosis of colon and breast cancer. Although there has been no direct connection made as yet between the two, some scientists have expressed concern ever the possibility of this relationship. Our first speaker spoke to you about how transgenic developed plants contains genes that have been artificially introduced into the plant's genetic makeup through several biotechnology techniques.It is highly questionable if Monsanto did, in fact, deliver the crops as they had claimed according to Doug Guarani- grandfather's book â€Å"Failure to yield†. After more than 20 years of research and 13 years of commercialism's in the United States, it can be concluded that transgenic species crops have done little o increase overall crop yields. A report by researchers from the University of Wisconsin also suggest to us that transgenic developed plants have still a â€Å"long way from generating higher crop yields with fewer inputs. Our first speaker also spoke that one of the major factors that led to an estimated 125,000 cotton farmers taking their own life was that of transgenic cotton failing to yield. Our second speaker spoke to you about the ethical issues of animal rights and any value they have to humans and a right to be free of human use, cruelty, confinement and use. She also stated that biotechnology could be bad for animals with them possibly suffering from painful side effects.These include animals such as the broiler chicken, which are being bred to grow too fast for thei r legs to support their way, causing them discomfort. Since â€Å"The Origin of Species† by Charles Darwin was published in 1859, we are gradually starting to understand life better and better. His theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the best-substantiated theories in the history of science, having been supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Since then, many scientists have contributed to the discovery and understanding of the structure of DNA.The development of powerful laboratory techniques, most of which came in after 1970, have enabled us to study and manipulate genes that have the potential to alter the path of evolution. While we celebrate our achievements on the advancement in scientific understanding and technology, we should ask our selves if we should manipulate the genes of species Just because it can be done. So Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion, we believe the ethical considerations outweigh the benefits of transgeni c species especially in a commercial or massive scale to produce food. Genetically modified organism Good afternoon Ladles and Gentlemen. Today, the topic for our debate is on whether â€Å"the benefits of transgenic species outweigh the ethical considerations. † We, the negative team, believe that this statement is false. The first affirmative speaker has tried to tell you that transgenic plant species are a revolutionary new way to produce crops with dramatically Increasing yields and as a result, this will Increase the farmlands' productivity. However, this Is wrong.In fact, as evidence suggests, the introduction of transgenic crops are doing very little to increase overall crop yields. The second affirmative speaker spoke to you on how transgenic animals provides a shortcut to the development of animals that have many desired traits and its products can be benefits of mankind. Examples Include animals such as transgenic pigs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and cows that produce better milk. In our defense, animals do have their own rights.The creation of transgenic anim als is morally wrong and the long-term effect on them and their consumers are questionable. Finally, the third and final speaker from the affirmative team made a point on how rearranges species will herald a new era of food production, Improving animal food quality and productivity. They may not be natural, but not everything natural Is good for us and not everything unnatural is bad for us. She argued that genetically modified foods have been on the market since 1996, we would know by now if they were an immediate health threat.However, this is wrong, Just because you don't know of a problem, who is there to say that it doesn't exist? Most transgenic products are still yet to be tested for safety and it may be most of these that are ending up In our grocery carts without us even knowing. From this, we can also see that more and more possible health risks associated with transgenic species are starting to show. First let us examine one of our case studies. The transgenic plant MOON 810 corn. This is a genetically modified crop developed by an American agricultural biotechnology corporation Monsanto.Bacillus Thirstiness, a bacterium which produces the BET toxin poisonous to insects, Is Inserted as a gene Into the DNA of MOON 81 0 corns. This plant has been purposely modified to combat crop loss due to Insects and Is now rowan on a large scale in USA. Despite it having been claimed that the insecticide will cause no harm to human consumers, However there is compelling evidence that shows the rates of chronic diseases have been increasing drastically since transgenic species products were introduced to public in USA.The chart on this slide show increase in Inflammation rate, such as chronic constipation, gastrointestinal reflux, In April 2009, the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety of the German government suspended the approval and banned the cultivation of any ore MAMMON maize. It also got banned in other countries around the world including Austria, Greece and France. Since July 12th its cultivation has been banned in Italy, in reaction to a scientific report sent out by the Italian Agricultural Research Council.Another example of a transgenic species is cows being treated with a genetically engineered form of Bovine assimilation, also known as BIG. BIG is a peptide hormone produced by cows that is shown to have kept their metabolic processes regulated, increased their milk yield and beef growth. Yet, while this is all happening, his was also slowly killing the cow. In 1937, the administration of BIG was shown to be increasing the milk yield in lactating cows. Until the sass, there was a very limited use of the compound in agriculture and during this time also, the knowledge of the structure and function of the hormone increased.Later, the gene had been separated, purified and was now being applied to cow through genetic engineering. Since then, it has been immersed in controversy and parts of the concerns were in rega rds to the potential effects this has on the animals' health. A 1991 report by Rural Vermont revealed that BIG cows were suffering from serious health problems, including an alarming rise in the number of deformed calves and in mastitis, a painful bacterial infection of the udder that causes inflammation.Milk taken from these cows also now contained higher levels of GIF-I (Insulin Growth Factor-I). Although we, humans, naturally have GIF-I, elevated levels of it have been linked to the diagnosis of colon and breast cancer. Although there has been no direct connection made as yet between the two, some scientists have expressed concern ever the possibility of this relationship. Our first speaker spoke to you about how transgenic developed plants contains genes that have been artificially introduced into the plant's genetic makeup through several biotechnology techniques.It is highly questionable if Monsanto did, in fact, deliver the crops as they had claimed according to Doug Guarani- grandfather's book â€Å"Failure to yield†. After more than 20 years of research and 13 years of commercialism's in the United States, it can be concluded that transgenic species crops have done little o increase overall crop yields. A report by researchers from the University of Wisconsin also suggest to us that transgenic developed plants have still a â€Å"long way from generating higher crop yields with fewer inputs. Our first speaker also spoke that one of the major factors that led to an estimated 125,000 cotton farmers taking their own life was that of transgenic cotton failing to yield. Our second speaker spoke to you about the ethical issues of animal rights and any value they have to humans and a right to be free of human use, cruelty, confinement and use. She also stated that biotechnology could be bad for animals with them possibly suffering from painful side effects.These include animals such as the broiler chicken, which are being bred to grow too fast for thei r legs to support their way, causing them discomfort. Since â€Å"The Origin of Species† by Charles Darwin was published in 1859, we are gradually starting to understand life better and better. His theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the best-substantiated theories in the history of science, having been supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Since then, many scientists have contributed to the discovery and understanding of the structure of DNA.The development of powerful laboratory techniques, most of which came in after 1970, have enabled us to study and manipulate genes that have the potential to alter the path of evolution. While we celebrate our achievements on the advancement in scientific understanding and technology, we should ask our selves if we should manipulate the genes of species Just because it can be done. So Ladies and Gentlemen, in conclusion, we believe the ethical considerations outweigh the benefits of transgeni c species especially in a commercial or massive scale to produce food.